| 研究生: | 趙幼蘭 | |
| 論文名稱: | 台灣失業勞工的生活困境與社會排斥之探討 | |
| 論文名稱: | The struggles of the unemployed in Taiwan with a study of | |
| social exclusion. | ||
| 指導教授: | 蔡明璋博士 | |
| 關鍵字: | 失業勞工 社會排斥 困境 | |
| [摘要] | ||
| 中 文 摘 要 | ||
| 台灣失業勞工的生活困境與社會排斥之探討 | ||
| 科技發展和全球化帶來了新的營商環境，使傳統的工作種類被取代，導致結構性的失業問 | ||
| 題，於是中高齡、低學歷、低技術人士受社會排斥影響失業率節節上升，本研究的目的即 | ||
| 是想探討在此種社會型態下失業者之背景特性，及分析失業者在面臨社會資源上的長期貧 | ||
| 乏，根據“社會排斥”的理念去描述和分析影響他們失業期間的生活模式，以及在逆境中 | ||
| 使用社會網絡之情形。 | ||
| 在本研究中，我所要進行的是有關失業勞工的量化資料分析，並假設失業勞工是遭受社會 | ||
| 排斥的觀點，解釋不同背景的失業者在失業期間生活的狀況：1.檢視台灣地區自1997年至 | ||
| 2001年這五年間失業勞工的背景特徵；2.分析失業者失業期間謀職的方式與尋職困難的因 | ||
| 素受社會排斥之情形；3.驗證失業者受各類社會排斥之決定因素是否有顯著差異。 | ||
| 本研究的實證資料來源是中央研究院2001年所調查的「台灣地區社會變遷基本調查計劃第 | ||
| 四期第二次調查計劃執行報告」之失業組樣本。 | ||
| 資料分析發現，失業期間維生的方法中，中高齡者傾向靠打零工自食其力等方法維生，而 | ||
| 低學歷者、前職工作的單位規模屬小型廠者最無存款利息收入等金援。失業者在謀職過程 | ||
| 中受排斥的主要因素部份，中高齡者，顯著受年齡限制的壓力，而國中小學程度者則承受 | ||
| 教育程度不足與年齡限制的排斥。失業者在尋職方法之差異上，教育程度愈低者仍顯著依 | ||
| 附社會網絡關係靠親友協助尋找工作，而教育程度愈高、年齡愈輕者愈是懂得利用電腦網 | ||
| 站所提供就業媒合的機會。另外，任職傳統產業與教育程度不合等限制，是最誘發失業者 | ||
| 對目前就業環境感到悲觀的重要因素。 | ||
| 探討台灣失業勞工的困境，是由於多種面向的因素，如：中高齡、缺乏工作機會、低學歷 | ||
| 、缺乏社會關係等相互影響下，產生的惡性循環後果。在台灣根深蒂固的社會網絡關係， | ||
| 受勞動市場瞬息萬變，不斷要求勞工學習新知識和擁有多元的技能嚴酷考驗著；而經濟轉 | ||
| 型和去工業化、導致行業性網絡弱化，原本行業網絡所發揮的節省交易成本作用也沒法發 | ||
| 揮，使網絡逐漸因資訊及資源委縮失去其支援能力，故當整個行業受到打擊時，同質網絡 | ||
| 原本可以發揮互相支援的作用亦因「塘水滾塘魚」而弱化，在大環境不景氣時，成員和資 | ||
| 源一同縮減，大大弱化透過網絡集體地解決個別成員問題的能力。 | ||
| [摘要] | ||
| The Struggles of the Unemployed in Taiwan With a Study of Social Exclusion | ||
| The fast development of technology indeed brings more global marketing; it at | ||
| the same time replaces the traditional businesses and industries as well. This | ||
| rigorous social economical change further raises the already increasing rate | ||
| of unemployment especially to the laborers who are elderly, less educated, and/ | ||
| or lacking of updated technology skills. The rationale of this study is to | ||
| discuss the background characteristics of the unemployed under this particular | ||
| social structure; to analyze the difficulties of the unemployed due to the | ||
| lack of support from social resources. I would base my research on the | ||
| recognition and awareness of Social Exclusion to describe and discuss the | ||
| major effects reflected as the patterns of their struggles in utilizing the | ||
| social resources during their long-term unemployment. | ||
| In addition, I would apply data analysis on the quantitative ness of the | ||
| unemployed with an assumption that which is impacted by Social Exclusion. I | ||
| will explain various survival situations with different background | ||
| characteristics of the unemployed: | ||
| 1. Examine the background characteristics of the unemployed in Taiwan from | ||
| 1997-2001. | ||
| 2. Analyze the strategies used by the unemployed to be active in the job | ||
| market and how Social Exclusion influenced those unsuccessful cases. | ||
| 3. Observe the correlation and variation between the characteristics of the | ||
| unemployed and Social Exclusion. | ||
| The source of this study is pulled out from the sample of an official | ||
| unemployment survey --- Executive Report of Primary Survey on Social | ||
| Structural Change in Taiwan Area: Phase VI, Project II--- which was conducted | ||
| in Taiwan in 2001. | ||
| Research has shown that aging unemployed tend to make living by approaching | ||
| part-time or temporary labor work. The less educated unemployed who used to | ||
| work with a smaller factory suffer the most financially--- least cash flow, | ||
| savings or interest. While searching for a new job, this group tends to use | ||
| the traditional networking with the help from family, relatives, or friends. | ||
| The younger unemployed, in contrast, use more computer webs to match new job | ||
| opportunities. The above mentioned background characteristics are the obvious | ||
| obstacles in their job-hunting process. Overall, the lack of traditional job | ||
| opportunities and low educational background are the major reasons that cause | ||
| the frustration of the unemployed, and they finally lose hope in the entire | ||
| job market. | ||
| Looking at the struggles of the unemployed in Taiwan, a group of negative | ||
| factors actually affect each other as an ongoing circulation: aging, low | ||
| inventory of job opportunity, low educational background, and lack of social | ||
| resources. In order to survive and compete in the global wise economical | ||
| hardship, the unemployed were forced to learn new knowledge, or master updated | ||
| muti-technology skills in a timed pace without enough social supports. In | ||
| Taiwan, the traditional social network relations used to be strongly deep- | ||
| rooted in businesses, marketing and industries. However, due to fast, | ||
| tremendous structural change of society, discouraging economic environment as | ||
| well as the significant change of industry, this supporting system has been | ||
| weakened and gradually loses its networking functions, which leads the issue | ||
| of unemployment in Taiwan even more pessimistically. | ||