| 研究生: | 郭進成 | |
| 論文名稱: | 犯罪恐懼的影響因素：臺灣民眾的分析 | |
| 論文名稱: | THE INFLUENTIAL FACTORS OF CRIME-FEAR—AN ANALYSIS OF | |
| TAIWAN PEOPLE | ||
| 指導教授: | 蔡明璋 | |
| 關鍵字: | 犯罪恐懼感 犯罪被害經驗 | |
| [摘要] | ||
| 本文的目的是，分析臺灣民眾的犯罪恐懼之行為模式與影響因素。個人在何種社會基礎上 | ||
| ，會產生不同的犯罪恐懼？本研究建議測量犯罪恐懼的三個重要層面－犯罪被害經驗、害 | ||
| 怕犯罪、對犯罪嚴重程度的評估。以中央研究院社會學研究所的「台灣社會變遷基本調查 | ||
| 計畫」第四期第二次在2001年蒐集的全國性隨機樣本（n＝2052）進行分析，得到幾項重要 | ||
| 的發現：在犯罪被害經驗方面：性別、族群、都市化是決定臺灣民眾有無犯罪被害經驗的 | ||
| 重要因素。性別為（男性）者、族群為（原住民）者、都市化為（居住新興工商綜合服務 | ||
| 市鎮）者，在犯罪被害經驗上具有顯著作用。在對犯罪嚴重程度的評估方面：性別、年齡 | ||
| 、族群及都市化，均是決定臺灣民眾對犯罪嚴重程度評估的重要因素。性別為女性，年齡 | ||
| 越年長者，族群為本省客家人者，以及居住地為省轄市者，對犯罪嚴重程度會評估為嚴重 | ||
| ，並具有獨立顯著義意，對於佔據有效樣本較高的本省閩南人而言，教育程度、職業，並 | ||
| 不是決定個人對犯罪嚴重程度評估的因素。在害怕犯罪方面：性別及教育程度，均是決定 | ||
| 臺灣民眾害怕犯罪的重要因素。性別為女性，教育程度為研究所者，在害怕犯罪被害上， | ||
| 具有獨立顯著義意；另外個人對犯罪嚴重程度的評估，亦是決定臺灣民眾是否害怕犯罪的 | ||
| 重要因素。對犯罪嚴重程度的評估，與個人害怕犯罪的情況具有獨立顯著義意，且不會被 | ||
| 年齡、族群、職業、都市化、犯罪被害經驗的影響而調節，對於佔據有效樣本較高的本省 | ||
| 閩南人而言，年齡、族群、職業、都市化、犯罪被害經驗等，並不是決定個人害怕犯罪被 | ||
| 害的因素。在個人犯罪被害經驗及對犯罪嚴重程度評估的關係上，害怕犯罪可能與社區解 | ||
| 組、社會迷亂、社會問題充斥等關係較密切。所以，個人主觀的認知，為主要影響其害怕 | ||
| 犯罪的情況，與本人犯罪被害經驗無關。在分析臺灣民眾犯罪的恐懼原因時，除了要考量 | ||
| 到性別差異問題、族群差異、教育程度差異、都市化（居住地）影響、職業差異等面向外 | ||
| ，仍應重視社會文化背景及個人主觀認知的影響。本研究雖不支持「年齡、族群、職業對 | ||
| 個人犯罪的恐懼，具有影響」的觀點；惟並不表示只要社會結構位置一致，對犯罪恐懼知 | ||
| 覺的表現，就沒有年齡、族群、職業差異的產生。因此值得關心的是，當控制人口特性等 | ||
| 變項的影響之後，若不同年齡、族群、職業之間的犯罪恐懼知覺還有差異存在，這差異來 | ||
| 源可能是個人社會文化背景，或是個人社會網絡（social network）上的差異。關鍵詞： | ||
| 犯罪恐懼、犯罪恐懼感、犯罪被害經驗、犯罪嚴重的評估、害怕犯罪。 | ||
| [摘要] | ||
| ABSTRACT | ||
| THE INFLUENTIAL FACTORS OF CRIME-FEAR—AN ANALYSIS OF TAIWAN PEOPLE | ||
| by | ||
| KUO, CHIN-CHENG | ||
| August 2004 | ||
| ADVISOR: Dr. TSAI, MING-CHANG | ||
| DEPARTMENT: GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIOLOGY | ||
| MAJOR: SOCIOLOGY | ||
| DEGREE: MASTER OF SOCIOLOGY | ||
| The objective of this study was to analyze the models of behavior and the | ||
| influential factors of crime-fear of Taiwanese people. On what kind of social | ||
| basis, an individual will generate different kind of crime-fear? This study | ||
| suggested three important facets in measuring crime-fear, they were ”the | ||
| experience of being crime victims”, “the fear of crimes”, and “the | ||
| evaluation on the degree of seriousness of the crimes”. From analyzing the | ||
| nation-wide random samples (n=2052) collected in year 2001, which were based | ||
| on the second term of the fourth period of “Fundamental Investigation Project | ||
| on Taiwan Social Changes” conducted by the graduate school of sociology of | ||
| Central Research Yuan, several important findings were found as follows: | ||
| On “the experience of being crime victims”, sex, tribe, and urbanization | ||
| were the important factors that decided whether Taiwan people had the | ||
| experience of being crime victims. When sex being “male”, tribe being “ | ||
| aboriginals”, and urbanization being “live in a brandnew commercial and | ||
| industrial combined services cities or towns”, had independent significance | ||
| in the experience of being crime victims. On “the evaluation of Taiwan peoples | ||
| ’ feeling about the degree of seriousness of crimes”, sex, tribe, and | ||
| urbanization were important factors in deciding Taiwan peoples’ evaluation | ||
| about the degree of seriousness of crimes. When sex being “female”, age | ||
| being “order”, tribe being “Taiwan-Hakkas”, and residence being “ | ||
| provincial counties or cities”, the degree of crime seriousness was evaluated | ||
| as “serious”, and they had independent significance. As to the Fukien- | ||
| Taiwanese who took up higher percentage of the valid samples, educational | ||
| degree and occupation were not the factors that decided personal evaluation on | ||
| the seriousness degree of crimes. On the facet of the “fear of crimes”, sex | ||
| and educational degree were important factors that decided whether Taiwan | ||
| people were under the fear of crimes. When sex being ”female”, and | ||
| educational degree being “graduate school”, they showed independent | ||
| significance in the fear of being crime victims; besides, personal evaluations | ||
| upon the degree of seriousness of crimes was also an important factor in | ||
| deciding whether Taiwan people were afraid of crimes. Both “personal | ||
| evaluation on the seriousness degree of crimes”, and “the situation of | ||
| individual’s fear of crime” had independent significance, and which would | ||
| not modulate under the influence of age, tribe, occupation, urbanization, and | ||
| experience of being crime victims. As to the Fukien-Taiwanese who took up | ||
| higher percentage of the valid samples, age, tribe, occupation, urbanization | ||
| and experience of being crime victims were not the factors that decided | ||
| individual’s personal fear of being crime victims. In considering the | ||
| relations between personal experience of being a crime victim and the | ||
| evaluation on the seriousness degree of crimes, the reasons of the fear of | ||
| crimes might be closely related to the breaking up of the community, the | ||
| aberration of society, too many social problems, and so on. So the subjective | ||
| acknowledge of individual was the major influence to the situation of crime | ||
| fear, and it had nothing to do with the personal experience of being crime | ||
| victims. | ||
| In analyzing the reasons of the fear of crimes of Taiwan people, besides | ||
| considering the variation problems in sex, tribe, educational degree, the | ||
| influence of urbanization (residence) and occupation, the influence of social | ||
| cultural background and personal subjective acknowledgement should also be | ||
| valued and considered as important. And though this study did not support the | ||
| viewpoint that stated “age, tribe, and occupation had influence upon personal | ||
| fear about crimes”; yet it did not mean that so long as the social structures | ||
| were in unity, there were no age, tribe, and occupation variations. So what | ||
| worth our concern, was that after controlling the influence of the variants | ||
| such as population peculiarity, if there were still variations existed among | ||
| age, tribe, and occupation in the feelings of crime-fear, the sources of these | ||
| variations might be caused from the variations in personal social culture | ||
| background or personal social networks. | ||
| Keyword: crime-fear, sense of crime-fear, the experience of being crime | ||
| victims, the evaluation on the seriousness degree of crimes, the fear of crimes | ||